Evolution - Cell structure and function Part 1 17 July 2012

Learning outcomes:

·        Explain that the basic unit of all living things is the cell.

·        Identify structure and state the function of the main organelles in the cell such as nucleus, nuclear membrane, chromatin, cytoplasm, cell membrane vacuole, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, chloroplast, cell wall.

·        Identify the main organelles from diagrams.

·        Compare and contrast – plant and animal cells

·        Explain how the structure of specialized cells is related to function

Cell Theory:

·        All living things are made of cells.

·        Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.

·        All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell: A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells: Amoeba proteus, Red Blood Cell, Bacteria, Nerve Cell

Two types of cells:

·    Prokaryotic

·    Eukaryotic 

Prokaryotic

·     Do not have organelles (specialized structure in cells) surrounded by membranes

·     Few internal structures

·     One-celled organisms (eg. bacteria)

                                      Prokaryotic Cell

(image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html)

 

Eukaryotic

·        Contain organelles surrounded by membranes

·        Most living organisms (eg. Plant, Animals, Fungi)

                                                                  Eukaryotic cells

              (image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html)